Produced by the pituitary gland, TSH acts on the thyroid gland to stimulate production of the thyroid hormone thyroxine (T4).
The predominant hormone produced by the thyroid gland, T4 is converted to its active form, T3, within cells.
Total T4 includes both free T4 and protein-bound T4, and is an indicator of the thyroid gland’s ability to synthesize, process and release T4 into the bloodstream.
T3 is the active thyroid hormone that regulates the metabolic activity of cells.
Thyroid peroxidase is an enzyme involved in thyroid hormone production. The body produces antibodies, including TPOab, that attack the thyroid gland in autoimmune thyroiditis and Hashimoto’s. Testing TPOab levels can diagnose these conditions.
A protein rich in tyrosine, the residues of which when bound to iodine become the building blocks of T3 and T4. If iodine levels are low, thyroglobulin accumulates, thus high levels indicate insufficient iodine for healthy thyroid function.
An essential component of thyroid hormones T3 and T4. Iodine deficiency compromises thyroid hormone production.
An essential dietary element that plays a role in thyroid hormone synthesis. Inadequate selenium can impair the conversion of T4 into T3.
A common component of flame proofing agents, fumigants, medications, food products, and pool/spa sanitizers. If iodine status is low, bromine competes with iodine for tyrosine binding sites within thyroglobulin and thereby impedes thyroid hormone synthesis.
An environmental toxin, found in well water as well as some foods such as fish, shellfish, seaweed, rice, and fruit. Arsenic competes with selenium, preventing essential thyroid hormone production.
Cadmium gets into the atmosphere as a result of industrial activity and is deposited in the soil where it is taken up by plants. Cadmium can accumulate in the thyroid gland, resulting in damage to thyroid tissues with chronic exposure. An positive association has been observed between urinary cadmium and levels of total T4, total T3, free T3.
Most human exposure to mercury is through dental amalgams, seafoods, and vaccinations. Mercury and selenium have a very high affinity for each other and form a tight complex and as a result can affect thyroid function.
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Sarah Neumann Haske, MS, RDN is a Digestive Health Dietitian and owner of Neumann Nutrition & Wellness, LLC. Her practice helps women heal their gut using a root-cause approach to their health. As a result of her program, her clients are able to come off medications, feel more energized, and live a radiant care-free life. If you’re interested in finding direction and accountability while discovering freedom from your digestive issues, then schedule your free call with Sarah now.